Thermodynamics

List-I contains various physical/chemical processes, and List-II contains combinations of changes in enthalpy ($\Delta H$) and entropy ($\Delta S$). Match each entry in List-I to the appropriate entry in List-II, and choose the correct opti...

An ideal gas (0.5 mol), initially at 2 bar pressure, is compressed at a constant temperature of 600 K in two steps: first, against a constant external pressure of P bar (2 < P < 8), and then against constant external pressure of 8 bar. At e...

Considering ideal gas behavior, the expansion work done (in kJ) when 144 g of water is electrolyzed completely under constant pressure at 300 K is ______.Use: Universal gas constant (R) = 8.3 J K−1 mol−1; Atomic mass (in amu): H = 1, O = 16

Consider the following volume-temperature $(\mathrm{V}-\mathrm{T})$ diagram for the expansion of 5 moles of an ideal monoatomic gas.



Considering only $\mathrm{P}-\mathrm{V}$ work is involved, the total change in enthalpy (in Joule) for t...

\(\text { The value of enthalpy change, } \mathrm{H}_\beta-\mathrm{H}_\alpha \text { (in } \mathrm{J} \mathrm{mol}^{-1} \text { ), at } 300 \mathrm{~K} \text { is }\) ________.

The value of entropy change, $S_\beta-S_\alpha$ (in $\mathrm{J} \mathrm{mol}^{-1} \mathrm{~K}^{-1}$ ), at $300 \mathrm{~K}$ is _______.
[Use : $\ln 2=0.69$
Given : $S_\beta-S_\alpha=0$ at $0 \mathrm{~K}$ ]

In a one-litre flask, 6 moles of $A$ undergoes the reaction $A(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons P(\mathrm{~g})$. The progress of product formation at two temperatures (in Kelvin), $\mathrm{T}_1$ and $\mathrm{T}_2$, is shown in the figure:
If...

One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas undergoes two reversible processes $(\mathrm{A} \rightarrow \mathrm{B}$ and $\mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{C})$ as shown in the given figure:

$\mathrm{A} \rightarrow \mathrm{B}$ is an adiabatic process....

The correct option(s) about entropy (S) is(are)
$[\mathrm{R}=$ gas constant, $\mathrm{F}=$ Faraday constant, $\mathrm{T}=$ Temperature $]$

$2 \mathrm{~mol} \,\mathrm{of}\, \mathrm{Hg}(\mathrm{g})$ is combusted in a fixed volume bomb calorimeter with excess of $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ at $298 \mathrm{~K}$ and 1 atm into $\mathrm{HgO}(s)$. During the reaction, temperature increases from...

One mole of an ideal gas at 900 K, undergoes two reversible processes, I followed by II, as shown below. If the work done by the gas in the two processes are same, the value of \(\ln {{{V_3}} \over {{V_2}}}\) is _________.(U : internal ener...

An ideal gas undergoes a reversible isothermal expansion from state I to state II followed by a reversible adiabatic expansion from state II to state III. The correct plot(s) representing the changes from state I to state III is (are)(p : p...

The value of \(\Delta\)S\(\theta\) (in J K\(-\)1 mol\(-\)1) for the given reaction, at 1000 K is _________.

The value of standard enthalpy, \(\Delta\)Ho (in kJ mol\(-\)1) for the given reaction is _______.

Tin is obtained from cassiterite by reduction with coke. Use the data given below to determine the minimum temperature (in K) at which the reduction of cassiterite by coke would take place.At $$298K:{\Delta _f}H^\circ [Sn{O_2}(s)] = - 581....

In thermodynamics, the p-V work done is given by\(w = - \int {dV{p_{ext}}}\)For a system undergoing a particular process, the work done is \(w = - \int {dV\left( {{{RT} \over {V - b}} - {a \over {{V^2}}}} \right)}\)This equation is appl...

Choose the reaction(s) from the following options, for which the standard enthalpy of reaction of equal to the standard enthalpy of formation.

Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct regarding the root mean square speed (Urms) and average translational kinetic energy (Eav) of a molecule in a gas at equilibrium?

The surface of copper gets tarnished by the formation of copper oxide. \({N_2}\) gas was passed to prevent the oxide formation during heating of copper at \(1250\) \(K.\) However, the \({N_2}\) gas contains \(1\) mole % of water vapor as i...

For a reaction, \(A\,\,\rightleftharpoons\,\,P,\) the plots of \(\left[ A \right]\) and \(\left[ P \right]\) with time at temperature \({T_1}\) and \({T_2}\) are given below.

If \({T_2} > {T_1},\) the correct statement(s) is (are) (Assum...

A reversible cyclic process for an ideal gas is shown below. Here, \(P, V,\) and \(T\) are pressure, volume and temperature, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters \(q,w, H\) and \(U\) are heat, work, enthalpy and internal energy, respe...

For a reaction taking place in a container in equilibrium with its surroundings, the effect of temperature on its equilibrium constant \(K\) in terms of change in entropy is described by

The standard state Gibbs free energies of formation of \(C\)(graphite) and \(C\)(diamond) at \(T=298\) \(K\) are
\({\Delta _f}{G^0}\) [\(C\)(graphite)] \(= 0kJmo{l^{ - 1}}\)
\({\Delta _f}{G^0}\) [\(C\)(diamond)] \(= 2.9kJmo{l^{ - 1}}\)
...

An ideal gas is expanded from \(\left( {{p_1},{V_1},{T_1}} \right)\) to \(\left( {{p_2},{V_2},{T_2}} \right)\) under different conditions. The correct statement(s) among the following is (are)

One mole of an ideal gas at 300 K in thermal contact with surroundings expands isothermally from 1.0 L to
2.0 L against a constant pressure of 3.0 atm. In this process, the change in entropy of surrounding (\(\Delta\)Ssurr)in
JK–1 is (1L at...

Match the thermodynamics processes given under column I with expression given under column II
Column I
(A) Freezing water at 273 K and 1 atm
(B) Expansion of 1 mol of an ideal gas into a vacuum under isolated conditions.
(C) Mixing of equal...

For the process
H2O(l) \(\to\) H2O(g)
at T = 100oC and 1 atmosphere pressure, the correct choice is

The pair of isochoric processes among the transformation of states is

The succeeding operations that enable this transformation of states are

The standard enthalpies of formation of CO2(g), H2O(l) and glucose(s) at 25oC are –400 kJ/mol,
–300 kJ/mol and –1300 kJ/mol, respectively. The standard enthalpy of combustion per gram of glucose at
25oC is

Benzene and naphthalene form an ideal solution at room temperature. For this process, the true statement(s)
is(are)

The reversible expansion of an ideal gas under adiabatic and isothermal conditions is shown in the figure. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

Using the data provided, calculate the multiple bond energy (kJ mol\(-\)1) of a C=C bond in C2H2. That energy is (take the bond energy of C-H bond as 350 kJ mol\(-\)1).
$$\matrix{
\hfill {2C(s) + {H_2}(g) \to {C_2}{H_2}} & \hfill {\Delta...

For an ideal gas, consider only P-V work in going from an initial state X to the final state Z. The final state Z can be reached by either of the two paths shown in the figure. Which of the following choice(s) is(are) correct? (Take $$\Delt...

Match the transformations in column I with appropriate options in column II
Column I
(A) CO2(s) \(\to\) CO2(g)
(B) CaCO3(s) \(\to\) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
(C) 2H \(\to\) H2(g)
(D) P(white, solid) \(\to\) P(red, solid)
Column II
(p) phase transitio...

One mole of an ideal gas is taken from $\mathbf{a}$ to $\mathbf{b}$ along two paths denoted by the solid and the dashed lines as shown in the graph below. If the work done along the solid line path is $W_{\text {s }}$ and that dotted line p...

The species which by definition has ZERO standard molar enthalpy of formation at 298 K is

Among the following, the intensive property is (properties are)

The bond energy (in kcal mol-1) of a C-C single bond is approximately

In a constant volume calorimeter, 3.5 g of a gas with molecular weight 28 was burnt in excess oxygen at 298.0 K. The temperature of the calorimeter was found to increase from 298.0 K to 298.45 K due to the combustion process. Given that the...

Among the following, the state function(s) is(are)

Statement 1 : There is a natural asymmetry between converting work to heat and converting heat to work.
Statement 2 : No process is possible in which the sole result is the absorption of heat from a reservoir and its complete conversion int...

For the process \(\mathrm{H_2O}(l)\) (1 bar, 373 K) \(\to\) \(\mathrm{H_2O}(g)\) (1 bar, 373 K), the correct set of thermodynamic parameters is:

The value of log\(_{10}\) K for a reaction $A \rightleftharpoons B$ is
(Given : \({\Delta _r}H{^\circ _{298\,K}} = - 54.07\) kJ mol\(^{-1}\), \({\Delta _r}S{^\circ _{298\,K}} = 10\) J K\(^{-1}\) mol\(^{-1}\) and R = 8.314 J K\(^{-1}\) mol$...

The direct conversion of A to B is difficult; hence, it is carried out by the following shown path:Given,
$$ \begin{aligned} & \Delta \mathrm{S}_{(\mathrm{A} \rightarrow \mathrm{C})}=50 \text { e.u. } \\ & \Delta \mathrm{S}_{(\mathrm{C} \ri...

For the reaction, $2 \mathrm{CO}+\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}_2 ; \Delta \mathrm{H}=-560 \mathrm{~kJ}$. Two moles of CO and one mole of $\mathrm{O}_2$ are taken in a container of volume 1 L . They completely form two moles of $\ma...

A monatomic ideal gas undergoes a process in which the ratio of P to V at any instant is constant and equals to 1 . What is the molar heat capacity of the gas?