um’s common oxidation states (+2, +3, +4), the +4 state is generally the most stable due to the high lattice or coordination stabilization and the noble-gas-like configuration of Ti^(4+) (3d^0).

(ii) "Among 3d-series elements (Z = 22 to 29), only copper has a positive reduction potential (M^(2+)/M)."

True. Standard reduction potentials for most 3d metals (like Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) are negative. Copper is unique with a standard reduction potential of about +0.34 V, making it the only one in that range with a positive reduction potential for the M^(2+)/M couple.

(iii) "Both Sc and Zn exhibit +1 oxidation state."

False.

Sc typically shows +3 oxidation state (it is isoelectronic with Ar when Sc^(3+)). Instances of Sc in +1 or +2 are either extremely rare or not well-established.

Zn commonly shows +2. While there are organometallic complexes where Zn can appear in unusual oxidation states, Zn(+1) is not a stable or typical oxidation state in standard inorganic chemistry contexts.

Conclusion

(i) is correct

(ii) is correct

(iii) is incorrect

Hence, the correct statements are (i) and (ii) only, matching Option A.

D And F Block Elements

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